Beginning of Cryogenics in Japan

An introduction to cryogenics

These notes aim to give a somewhat basic introduction to the hows (and occasionally whys) of cryogenics. Cryogenics is not a very well defined term; here I have taken it to mean systems that operate at temperatures of 77 K and below, with the emphasis on systems operating below 4.2 K and above 1 K. The first two temperatures are, of course, the boiling points of nitrogen and helium respectively...

Evaluation of cryogenics-based energy storage concepts

The goal of this paper is to evaluate cryogenics-based energy storage concepts: A thermo-electric energy storage unit, which uses surplus electricity while liquefying a gas, subsequently stored at cryogenic temperature. Here we review and evaluate concepts for power generation while regasifying the liquefied gas (cryogen) using an exergetic analysis. Two cold exergy recovery cycle configuration...

Refrigeration, Cryogenics, Optics, and Miscellaneous

Overall Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components of Compression Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Absorption Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermoelectric Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copyright...

Cryogenics in Space - A review of the missions and technologies

Applications of cryogenics in space The development, in-orbit commissioning, and operation of cryogenic instrumentation in space raises the level of mission complexity, risk and associated cost. Any application must then be justified on the basis of its specific return. In the case of scientific missions, the cryogenic detectors and related payloads are the only candidates for the accomplishmen...

National Politics and Local Institutions : Explaining the Beginning of a Two - Party System in Contemporary Japan